According to Herzberg, what are hygiene factors in job motivation?

Hygiene factors, as proposed by Frederick Herzberg in his Two-Factor Theory of job motivation, are conditions in the workplace that can lead to dissatisfaction if they are not adequately addressed. These include elements such as company policies, supervision quality, salary, interpersonal relations, and working conditions. When these factors are in place and satisfactory, they do not necessarily lead to increased satisfaction or motivation, but their absence can result in dissatisfaction among employees.

This framework explains why addressing hygiene factors is crucial for maintaining a baseline level of employee morale. While increasing satisfaction requires focusing on motivating factors such as recognition and opportunities for personal growth, failing to provide the hygiene factors can create a negative atmosphere that undermines employee motivation and satisfaction.