What are hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, hygiene factors play a vital role in influencing employees' levels of satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work. These are extrinsic factors that, while necessary for preventing job dissatisfaction, do not necessarily lead to job satisfaction on their own. Examples of hygiene factors include salary, company policies, work conditions, and employment security.

When hygiene factors are inadequate or poorly managed, employees tend to experience dissatisfaction and a negative work environment. However, even when these factors are adequately addressed, they may not enhance job satisfaction; instead, they simply maintain a baseline level of contentment. This distinct separation is why hygiene factors are categorized as extrinsic, as they relate to the environment surrounding work rather than the work itself. Thus, recognizing hygiene factors is essential for organizations wishing to minimize dissatisfaction among employees.