What are hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory refer to extrinsic conditions that can lead to dissatisfaction if not met, but do not necessarily motivate employees when they are present. These factors include aspects such as company policies, supervision, working conditions, salary, and interpersonal relationships, which play a critical role in ensuring a basic level of job satisfaction.

When hygiene factors are adequate, employees may be content with their jobs, but this does not mean that they feel motivated or fulfilled. Thus, addressing hygiene factors is essential for preventing dissatisfaction, but enhancing job satisfaction and motivation requires focusing on intrinsic motivators, or "motivators," which include achievement, recognition, and opportunities for personal growth. This distinction is crucial in understanding how to create a productive work environment that supports both employee satisfaction and motivation.