What is the primary effect of negative hygiene factors according to Herzberg?

The primary effect of negative hygiene factors, according to Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, is that they can create job dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors refer to those elements of the work environment that do not necessarily motivate employees but are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction. These include aspects such as salary, company policies, working conditions, and job security. When these hygiene factors are inadequate or unfavorable, employees tend to experience dissatisfaction, which can negatively impact their overall job performance and motivation.

This framework emphasizes that while improving these factors alone will not enhance motivation (which is more influenced by motivators such as achievement or recognition), their absence can certainly lead to employees feeling unhappy or disengaged at work. Therefore, understanding the impact of these hygiene factors is crucial for management aiming to maintain a baseline level of employee satisfaction and prevent discontent in the workplace.